FAQ: Post-Quantum Cryptography and Digital Trust

What is post-quantum cryptography (PQC)?

Post-quantum cryptography (PQC) refers to the development of cryptographic algorithms resistant to quantum computer attacks. These new cryptographic methods aim to replace algorithms like RSA, ECC, and DSA, which rely on mathematical problems that quantum computers could solve efficiently. PQC seeks to ensure that data, digital signatures, and other cryptographic applications remain secure even in a future where quantum computing is a reality.

Why is post-quantum cryptography important?

Traditional cryptographic systems rely on mathematical problems that are computationally infeasible for classical computers to solve within a reasonable timeframe. However, quantum computers can leverage algorithms like Shor’s Algorithm to break these cryptosystems efficiently. This poses a significant threat to secure communications, banking transactions, identity verification, and electronic signatures. Transitioning to quantum-resistant encryption ensures long-term data security and regulatory compliance, making PQC a crucial investment for organizations handling sensitive information.

What threats do quantum computers pose to current encryption methods?

Quantum computers can perform complex calculations exponentially faster than classical computers. The most pressing concern is their ability to break public-key cryptographic systems, which secure nearly all digital communications today. Here are the primary risks:

Breaking RSA & ECC Encryption – With enough quantum processing power, RSA-2048 and ECC-256 encryption could be cracked in hours or minutes, exposing encrypted communications and stored data.
Compromising Digital Signatures – Many electronic signatures rely on vulnerable algorithms, making signed documents forgeable if no quantum-resistant alternative is implemented.
Retrospective Decryption (Harvest Now, Decrypt Later): Cybercriminals and state actors may collect encrypted data today and decrypt it once quantum computers become available.

When will quantum computers become a real threat?

Although large-scale, fault-tolerant quantum computers do not exist yet, rapid advancements suggest they could become practical within the next 10–15 years. Governments and industries worldwide are already preparing for the impact by researching quantum-resistant cryptographic solutions and transitioning toward PQC in anticipation of future cyber threats.

How can businesses prepare for the transition to post-quantum cryptography?

Organizations should proactively assess their cryptographic dependencies and create a transition roadmap to PQC. Key steps include:

Inventory cryptographic assets – Identify systems using RSA, ECC, and other vulnerable algorithms.
Assess security risks – Evaluate the potential impact of quantum threats on sensitive data.
Develop a migration strategy – Work with cybersecurity experts and Trust Service Providers (TSPs) to integrate PQC solutions.
Implement hybrid approaches – Use a combination of classical and quantum-resistant encryption to ensure backward compatibility during the transition phase.

What role do Trust Service Providers (TSPs) play in PQC adoption?

TSPs ensure secure authentication, encryption, and digital identity management. They play a critical role in:

Providing quantum-safe digital signatures and identity verification services.
Offering hybrid certificates that combine traditional and post-quantum cryptographic elements.
Conducting regular cryptographic updates to align with emerging PQC standards.
By working with a PQC-ready TSP, businesses can ensure a smoother and more secure transition to quantum-resistant security.

What are hybrid certificates, and why are they important?

Hybrid certificates incorporate both classical and post-quantum cryptographic methods, allowing for a gradual transition to quantum-safe security. This ensures:

Immediate security improvements while maintaining compatibility with legacy systems.
A future-proof approach that minimizes risks as PQC adoption grows.
Compliance with upcoming regulations, which may require post-quantum readiness.

How does Swisscom Trust Services support businesses in adopting PQC?

Swisscom Trust Services provides a structured approach to help businesses transition to quantum-resistant cryptographic solutions. Services include:

Cryptographic Risk Assessments – Evaluating current encryption methods and potential vulnerabilities.
Quantum-Resistant Trust Services – Ensuring that electronic signatures, authentication, and identity verification remain secure in a post-quantum world.
Implementation of Hybrid Cryptographic Models – Offering solutions supporting traditional and PQC-ready algorithms.
Organizations can ensure a seamless, compliant, and future-proof approach to digital trust by partnering with Swisscom Trust Services.

What should organizations do now to stay ahead of quantum threats?

To mitigate risks and prepare for a post-quantum world, organizations should:

Start the transition now – Even if quantum threats seem distant, early preparation ensures minimal disruption.
Engage with PQC experts and TSPs – Organizations like Swisscom Trust Services can guide adopting quantum-safe security measures.
Adopt a hybrid cryptographic model – Implement solutions that combine traditional and quantum-resistant encryption.
Monitor regulatory developments – Ensure compliance with upcoming PQC standards and frameworks.

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FAQ: Post-Quantum Cryptography and Digital Trust

What is post-quantum cryptography (PQC)?

Why is post-quantum cryptography important?

What threats do quantum computers pose to current encryption methods?

When will quantum computers become a real threat?

How can businesses prepare for the transition to post-quantum cryptography?

What role do Trust Service Providers (TSPs) play in PQC adoption?

What are hybrid certificates, and why are they important?

How does Swisscom Trust Services support businesses in adopting PQC?

What should organizations do now to stay ahead of quantum threats?

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